Ecstasy Abuse and the Brain

Ecstasy is the popular name for the drug MDMAthese neurotransmitters alter the person's emotional
(methylenedioxymethamphetamine). In common withstate, causing the feelings of euphoria associated
most illegal drugs, when it was created it waswith the drug. But after prolonged use the brain will
intended to be used for medical rather thantake measures to counteract these abnormal levels
recreational purposes. In America in the 1960s it wasof neurotransmitter. Part of how it does this is by
sometimes used by psycholanalysts to treat patients,cutting down on the number of paths the
as they found its affects on emotional effectsneurotransmitters have for entering nerve cells. If the
MDMA induced could help people suffering fromabuse of MDMA has been particularly frequent the
problems such as post-traumatic stress disorder, (innerves responsible for producing these essential
particular Vietnam veterans at the time).chemicals might even die.
Years later, illegal MDMA became popular on the raveThese changes to the brain mean that when a
scene as it triggered feelings of euphoria and gaveperson is not taking MDMA, there will be unusually
dancers an energy boost. By the 1990s the dangerslow levels of dopamine and serotonin. Since these
of ecstasy had become well publicised. In the worstneurotransmitters are essential for proper brain
case scenario MDMA can kill, usually as a direct resultfunction and have a large influence on mood, the side
of severe dehydration and overheating. Ecstasyeffects of ecstasy use can include confusion,
tablets also pose a risk they are rarely pure and aredepression and an inability to concentrate. If the
often mixed with other drugs like aspirin andchanges to the brain are particularly significant there
paracetamol. But even if you take ecstasy withoutis also evidence that visual and spatial skills can be
obvious initial side effects, there are long termaffected, as well as working memories.
implications of it use.People should be aware of the long term implications
In short, ecstasy causes problems in the brain if usedof their actions, before indulging in recreational drug
regularly. MDMA elevates serotonin and dopamine inuse.
the brain to abnormal levels. Unnaturally high levels of